Thermostatically-operated radiator casing



March 9 ,1926.

W. M. FULTON THERMOSTATIGALLY OPERATED RADIATOR CASING Filed Feb. 11, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet l Wm m. INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY5,

March 9 1926. 1,576,186

W. M. FULTON THERMOSTATIGALLY OPERATED RADIATOR CASING Filed Feb. 11 1921 3 Sheets -Sheet 2 March 9 1926.

W. M. FULTON THERMOSTATICALLY OPERATED RADIATOR CASING Filed Feb. 11, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet :5

43 9 7) W 9. e INVENTOR.

A TTORNEYy,

Patented Mar. 9, 1926.

UNITED [STATES A 1,57 ,18 PATENT OFFICE.

WESTON M. FULTON, OF KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE, ASSIGNOR TO THE FULTON COK- PANY, OF KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

THEBMOSTATIGAILY-OPERATED RADIATOR CASING.

Application filed February 11, 1921. Serial No. 444,224.

To all whom it any concern: v

Be it known that I, WESTON M. FULTON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Knoxville, Tennessee, have invented new and useful Improvements in Thermostatically-Operated Radiator Casings, which invention is fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention relates to casings for radiators provided with thermostatically. controlled means for regulating the flow of air therethrough and, therefore, their heating effect in the room or other compartmentin which they are positioned.

It has heretofore been proposed to provide casings for radiators having thermostatically controlledmeans for regulating the flow of air therethrough in which the motor element of the controlling means is positioned on the outside of the, casing. Such constructions are illustrated, for example, in my prior Patents No. 1,256,220 granted Feb. 12, 1918, and No. 1,262,937 granted April 16, 1918. While capable of controlling the flow of air through the radiator casing, devices of this type possess certain disadvantages which affect the extent of their use commercially, among the more important of which may be noted that, since casings of this character are very generally ,used in residences, the projection of the motor element of the thermostat on the outside of the casing is more or less unsightly and inconvenient, whereby structures of this character are objectionable in appearance to many persons owing to their necessarily unsymmetrical design; furthermore, radiators are frequently placed in recesses where there is little spare room for receiving a radiator casing and the projection constituted by the motor element not infrequently makes it'impossible to place a radiator casing with such a projection thereon in the recess; additionally, the projection of the theromstatfrom the exterior of the casing subjects it to the danger of injury, particularly during shipment and installation, and at the sametime adds to the expense of manufacture and, consequently, the initial cost of the casing.

To avoid these disadvantages, it has been proposed, as in my reissued Patent No. 14,309 dated June 5, 1917 and my prior Patout No. 1,301,419 dated April 22, 1919, for

example, to so construct the radiator casing 'on the one hand, avoids the unsightl as to provide therein a passage in which the thermostatic element may be positioned.

and through which a circulation of air may be induced. While avoiding the unsightly projection of the thermostatic motor element from the exterior of the casing and the danger of. its injury owing to such location, such structures still possess certain serious disadvantages which interfere with the extent of their use commercially. The provision of such a passage for receiving the thermostatic motor element in the interior or the casing results in an extension of the length of the casing which not only increases its cost of manufacture but also increases the space which it occupies to such an extentthat its use with radiators positioned in recesses is not infrequently rendered impdssible. Furthermore, where such a casing is used with relatively low radiators the passage for receiving the thermostatic ele ment and through which a circulation of air is induced is necessarily relatively short so that the circulation of air therethrough is apt to be sluggish and the response of the thermostatic element to changes of room temperature is correspondingly sluggish. Again, the successful operationof a device of this character requires a continuous circulation of air through the passage which contains the thermostatic element, whereby there is always an escape of heated air into the room although the tem erature of the room be such as to cause t e radiator casing to be otherwise closed; this may keep the room overheated and be objectionable tor that reason. Additionally, if .the radiator be located in a recess, the body of air in such a recess is likely to be'hotter than the air in the remainder of the'room; as it is the air in proximity to the casing that is drawn through the passage containing the thermostatic element, the latter is caused to respond more or less to the temperature of the recess rather than the temperature of the room and, therefore, improperl regulates the temperature of the room itself.

It is an object of this invention to provide a casing for radiators provided with thermostatically controlled means for regu lating the flow of air therethrough which,

projection of the thermostatic motor e ement from the exterior-of the casing with its danger of injury and which, on the other hand, avoids the disadvantages inherent in the location ofthe thermostatic element in an air passage within the radiator casing and through which a circulation of air is induced as above discussed.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a casin for radiators with thermostatically controlled means for regulating the flow of air therethrough in which the thermostatic element will be more sensitive in its response to variations of air temperature than those heretofore employed for this purpose. The s ecific heat of air, as compared with liquids, is relatively low and it therefore requires a relatively large volume of air in heat interchanging relation with the temperature responsive element of a thermostat to cause each unit of mass of said elementto change its temperature per degree. It is therefore of relatively great importance in the provision of-a thermostat which is to respond to changes in air temperature that the thermosensitive medium employed be of relatively small volume or mass so that the time lag thereof in responding to temperature changes shall be a minimum. It is therefore an object of this invention to provide in a device of the type charactenzed thermostatic means which employs a relativel small mass of temperature responsive medium. I 0 A further object of this invention is to provide a casing for radiators having thermostatically controlled means for regulating the flow of air therethrough in which the thermostatic element utilizes the vapor of a volatile fluid for effecting its regulation of the controlling means and which at the same time will operate said controlling means smoothly and regularly and with sensitiveness to temperature changes in the air.

Other ob ects relate to the provision of a device of the type characterized in which the thermostatic element increases in sensitiveness as the temperature rises and which utilizes a vapor of a volatile liquid under such conditions that the vapor acts more nearly in accordance with the laws of expansion and contraction of perfect gases.-

Still other objects relate to the provision of a casing for radiators provided with thermostatically controlled means for regulating the flow of air therethrough which occupies a minimum of space, whic is simple in construction and inex ensive to manufacture and install, and which enables the temperature to be controlled sensitively and efficiently from any desired part of the room in which it is positioned.

Stated broadly, the invention comprises a radiator casing provided with means for controlling the---flow of air therethrough and means for operating said controlling means comprising a motor'element in said casing where it is subjected to the heat of the radiator, said motor element being operatively connected to said controlling means, and a container fora thermosensitive tained at a temperature above that to which said container is subjected, is superheated with respect to the fluid in said container.

The invention is capable of receiving a variety of mechanical expressions, two of which are shown on the accompanying drawings, but it is to be expressly understood that the drawings are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as a definition of the limits of the invention, reference being had to the appended claims for that purpose.

Referring in detail to said drawings wherein the same reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several figures:-

Fig 1 is a more or less schematic perspect1ve view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention and showing the temperature responsive element relatively remote from the radiator casing;

Fig\ 2 is a vertical section illustrating another embodiment of the present invention in which the temperature responsive element is positioned onthe exterior wall of the radiator casing, and also showing certain details of the dampers employed for controllin the flow of air through the casing;

i 3 is a plan View of the embodiment of Fig. 2 with the top of the casing partly broken away to illustrate the construction of the dampers;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged face view of the motor element and its operating connections and adjustable controlling means; and

Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of the structure shown in Fig. 4 on the line 55 of said figure.

In the form shown, 1 is a radiator casing of any suitable construction provided in any suitable way with means for the ingress and egress of air. As illustrated in Fig.1,

the casing may have a suitable grilled or screened opening 2 adjacent the floor for admitting the cooler air, and louvres 3 or a grllledopening in the to'p'wall or the upper portion of a side wall of said casing for permitting the escape of the air which has become heated by the radiator A. In order more dampers.

to control the flow of air throughthe casing 1 and thereby regulate the heating effect of the radiator in t e'room-or other compartment in which the same is located, means of any suitable construction are mounted in or on the radiator casing 1, said means preferably taking the form-of one or In the form shown more particularly in Figs. 2 and 3, the upper portion of the front wall of the casing 1 is provided in the rear of the louvres 3 with a plurality of apertures 4 with each of which cooperates a pivoted damper member 5. Said damper members may be of any suitable construction and mountediin any suitable way. Inzthe form illustrated, each of the apertures is provided with a ripheral inwardly directed flange 6 an each of the damper members 5 is com osed of a flat body portion 7 provided wit an outwardly directed flange '8 ada tedto fit loosely over the inwardl directe flange 6 surrounding the oppose moay be clamped against the face of each b y portion 7 by suitable stri s 10, said strips being of less area than t e body of the damper members so as to leave exposed a marginal strip of said felt for engaging the edge of the opposed flange 6 when the damper member is 1n closed position. With such a construction, practically no heated air can escape through the apertures 4 when the damper members 5 are moved into fully closed position. Each of the dam r members 5, in the form shown, is provided with pintles 11 which are ivotally mounted in lugs 12 suitably provi ed on the inner wall of the casing l in adjacency to the apertures 4. Each of the damper. members 5 is also provided with an upstanding pin or lug 13 for attachment to a short rod 14 which, at its opposite end, is pivotally connected to the operatin bar 15 which extends the full length of t e series of damper members. Thereby said dam er members are operatively connected to be moved in unison.

Any suitable means may be provided for operating said damper members. In the form shown, a rod 16 is pivotally connected to the operating bar 15 at 17 and at its opposite end is pivoted at 18 to a lever 19 pivotally mounted at 20 on an upri ht 21 and pivotally connected at 22 to a .ro 23 which is connected to a lever 24 which is actuated by the thermostatic element to be described.

While a particular construction of radiator casing and means for controlling the flow-of air therethroughhas thus been described in detail, it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not limited thereto, as any suitable construction of radiator casing and means for controlling the flow of air therethrough may be employed in the present invention.

'l'o actnate'said means for controlling the aperture 4. If desired, felt 9- of the motor element.

of the radiator casing 1 and it may be in the room or other space to be heated.

The motor element 25 may be of any suitable construction, but is preferably-an expansible and collapsible vessel, bein shown as composed of a corrugated, generafiy tubu lar side wall'26 closed at one end by a movable end wall 27 and at its by a stationary end wall 28. aid motor element 25 is mounted within the radiator casing 1 in any space that is available therefor or, as shown in Fig. 2, the radiatorcasingl may be slightly lengthened to provide a chamber 29 of suflicient size to receive the same. In any event, said motor' element 25 should be mounted in adjacency to the radiator so that it is subjected to the heat of the latter, although it is preferably not in direct contact therewith. Any suitable means for supporting the motor element 25 in position may be employed, that shown comprisin tached to the en wall of the casing 1 and in turn supporting the upright 21, heretofore referred to, from which the stationary wall 28 of the motor element 25 is suitably supported as by a plurality of osts 31.

a bracket 30 suitably atogposite end The movable end wall 27 of t e motor eletion from said end Wall by one or more in-- terposedposts 33,-said plate 32 having a central boss 34.- provided with a recess 35 in which engages a knife-edge projection 36 fulcrumed in any suitable way, being shown as engaging a knife-edge projection 37 suitably provided or mounted on the frame 38 The expansible and collapsible vessel of the motor element 25 is in communication through a conduit 39 of any suitablesize and construction, it preferably being small and flexible, with a container 40 which is designed to receive a thermosensitive fluid and which constitutes the temperature res onsive element heretofore referred to. aid container 40 is preferably of relatively small volume and may desirably take the form of a tubular bulb as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Said container 40 is-mounted exteriorly' tioned in any desired location for s u eotion to the temperature of the a1r 1n the 110 extending from the lever 24. Said lever is.

room or other s ace to be heated. In the form shown in ig. 1, the container 40 is mounted on the wall on the opposite side of the. room from the-radiator A and is connected to the motor ,element through the long pipe 39 which, to protect it from injury and conceal it from sight, preferably extends within the wall and under the, floor as diagrammatically illustrated. form shown in Fig. 2, the Container 40 is mounted on the end wall of the radiator casing 1 and the tube 39 is not only of sufficient length to extend from the container 40 to the vessel of the motor element 25 but it is an essential feature of this invention that'the length of tube 39 should be sufficient toprevent the conduction of heat from the motor element to the container 40 to a'macasing between said casing and the point- I where said container is mounted on the wall of the casing. The tube or pipe 39 may be made either rigid or flexible and, if desired, it may be protected in any suitable way. The container 40 is preferably surrounded by a small housing 41 to protect the same from injury, said housing being suitably apertured so that air at room temperature may have ready access to the container 40. When the container 40 is mounted on the wall of the radiator casing, it should preferably be protected from the effects of heat conducted through the wall of the radiator casing. Any suitable means may be provided for insulatin the container 40 from the heat on the insi e of the radiator casing, the end wall of the casing in the construction shown in Fig.2 being heavily lagged at 42 ,to prevent the transference of heat through said end wall to the container mounted thereon.

Any suitable means may be associated with the motor element 25 to predetermine the temperature at which the thermostatic element will respond to temperature changes and effect the opening or closing of the damper members 5. In the form shown, the lever 24 is extended at 43 and connected through a separable connection at 44 to an arm 49 to-which is connected one end of-a coil spring 50, the opposite end of which In the on the framing of the motor element, and at its upper end extends through the top wall of'the radiator'casing 1 as shown at 59, where it may be squared, or otherwise suitably sha ed, as shown at to receive means for rotating the same. It therefore becomes apparent that'the rocking of the transverse bar 46 on its knife edge fulcrums 47, and therefore the expansion of the motor vessel 25, is opposed by the tension of the spring 50, and the tension of said spring may be adjusted by rotating the screw 56 to vary the position of the'lever 51.

The adjustment ofthe screw 56 and the parts actuated thereby may be indicated in any suitable way. In the form shown, a liner thread 56 on the screw 56 cooperates with a non-rotatable nut 55" which carries a pin 61 that works in a cam slot 62 in a sleeve 63 which surrounds the screw and is provided with a boss 64 which extends through the top wall of the radiator casing l'and carries, suitably connected thereto in any suitable way, a pointer 65 designed to cooperate with suitable indicia provided on the top wall of the casing 1 or on an index plate 66 connected thereto. v

If desired, the operating connections from the motor element to the damper members may be provided with toggle mechanism for the purpose fully described in my prior Patent No. 1,186,180 granted June 6, 1916. In the form shown, the transverse rocking bar 46 is provided with an upstanding arm 67, recessed at its upper end as shown at 68, where it is engaged by the knife edge end 69 of a downwardly extending bar 70 which is engaged with or connected to a pivotally mounted arm 71 that has connected thereto, at a point between its fulcrum and able volatile liquid, said volatile liquid by preference only partly filling the same. The remainder of the space within said container 4O andthe space in the tube or pipe 39 and the motor vessel 25 (which is in open communication through said tube or pipe 39 with the container 40) are filled with the vapor of said liquid. As the motor vessel 25 is enclosed within the radiator casing 1 and subjected to the heat of the same, whereas the container 40 is mounted oxteriorly of the vessel 25 in its This small volume of liquid is sensitively emma above that of the container so that the vapor in said motor Vessel is superheated as respects the temperature of the volatile fluid in the container. As the temperature of the air in the room rises the temperature of the volatile liquid in the contalner 4C0 correspondingly rises and, as the mass of this liquid in this container isrelatively small, the temperature of said liquid is able to follow sensitively and with a minimum time lag the changes of temperature in the air in the room-notwithstanding the relatively low specific heat of air. A rise in temperature of the volatile liquid in the container 40 is accompanied by the evaporation of some of the liquid therein and a corresponding increase in the tension of thevapor in said container and in the motor Vessel communi-- cating therewith. Some of this vapor also flows into the motor vessel where it becomes superheated by the heat of the radiator and said vapor therefore undergoes a further expansion. In fact, the vapor in the motor vessel 25', being superheated, acts more like a perfect gas when expanding and contracting. When the increase in vapor tension in the motor vessel 25 is suflicient to overcome the tension of the spring 50, said vessel begins to expand and, throu h the operating connections from its mova le end wall 27, to close the dampermembers 5.

On the other hand, if the temperature of the air in the room begins to fall, the temperature of the liquid in the container 40 corres on'dingly falls, and the vapor tenslon in sai container is correspondingly reduced as is also the vapor tension in the motor vessel 25. The tension of the sprin 50 on the movable end wall 27 of sai vessel causes the latter to collapse and, throu h the operating connections from said movab e end wall, the damper members 5 are o ened. During the collapse of the motor e ement some of the vapor contained therein is forced into the container 40 and, its temperature being reduced to that of the room in the latter, there is a contraction in the volume of this vapor as well as a condensation of some of the vapor.

It will therefore be perceived that a radiator casing has been provided with thermostatically controlled means for regulating the How of air therethrough in which the thermostatic element need employ only a relatively small mass of temperature res. onsive medium :--the container .40 nee be supplied with only a relatively small volume of volatile liquid; in fact the volume of li uid provided in said container need be on y shghtly, if any, in excess of that sufficient to rovide a volume of vapor equal to the v0 ume of said container, the communicating tube or 1y extended position.

ipe 39 and the motor responsive to tem erature changes, so that the time lag is re need to a minimum. At the same time, as the temperature of the vapor in the motor vessel 25 is always main tained above that of the fluid in the container 40, there is a two-fold expansion or contraction of said vapor as the temperature rises and falls, enabling a smaller quantity of volatile liquid to be used than if said vapor in the vessel 25 werenot su erheated and caused to follow more closely t e law of perfect gases in its expansion and contrac- It will also be perceived that the container 40 may be'placed at any desired location within the room where it will be sensitively responsive to temperature changes therein. Thus, if the radiator be located in a recew between pilasters as shown in Fig. 1, so that the temperature of the air in said recess is lkely to be above that in the rest of the room, the container 40 may be located at a point relatively "remote from the radiator where it will respond to the true tem erature of theair in the room and still e ectively and sensitively control the dam ers of the radiator casing. At the same time, if the radiator be relatively low, the container 40 may be so positioned that it will respond sensitively to changes in the room temperature without the difficulties heretofore experlenced owing to sluggish circulation when the thermostatic element is positioned in a short passage of a low radiator'casing.

It is to be understood that whether the container 40 be mounted on the wall of the radiator casing or at some point more or less remote therefrom, it is to be so connected with the motor vessel that the volatile liquid will remain in said container and preferablg only the vapor of said liquid flow throu the communicating tube or pipe 39 to t e motor vessel 25.

It will also be perceived that a casing has been provided for radiators which is simple in construction and inexpensive to manufacture and install. Additionally, the radiator casing occupies little if any more space than the radiator itself and is therefore available for use with radiators locatedin recesses wher there is little spare roomaround the same. Onthe other hand, the use of unsightly. projections on the radiator casing has een avoided and the thermostatic motor element is, at the same time, so arranged that it is protected from 1n ury during shipping and installation,

While a suitable construction for operating dampers from the motor vessel and for predetermining the temperature vat which said dampers will respond to temperature changes has been described with considerable detail it is to be expressely undo that the form illustrated and described is not essential to the present invention, such having been selected as simply illustrative of one suitable construction for these purposes. Ghanges may also be made in the details of construction and arrangement of parts without departing fromthe'spirit of this invention. .Theillustrative embodiments of the present invention having been described above with considerable particularity, other embodimentsthereof will now readily suggest themselves tothose skilled in the artras the same is capable of receiving a variety of mechanical expressions while certain features thereof may be use without other features thereof. .For example, where a radiator is installed in a re-' cess, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the walls of the recess may constitute a portion of the enclosure, or casing, as is. now common in engineering practice, and the term casing as'herein used is intended to include such or other equivalent structures. Reference is therefore to be had to the claims hereto a pended for a definition of the limits of t e invention.

What is claimed is 1. In combination with afradia'tor casing provided with means for controlling the flow of air therethrough, means for operating said controllingmeans including a. thermostat comprising a motor element in said casing Where it is maintained by the radiator at a temperature above that in the space to b heated, said motor element being operatively connected to said controlling means, and a container for a'thermosensitive fluid in communication with said motor element and positioned exteriorly of I said casin where it is subjected to the temperature 0 the space to be heated. 1

2. In combination with a radiator casing provided with means for controlling the fiow of air therethrough, means for operating said controlling means including a thermostat comprising an expansible and collapsible vessel positioned in said casing where it is maintained by the heat ofthe radiator at a temperature "above that exteriorly' of said casing, saidvessel having its movable wall operatlvely connected to saidcontrolling means, and. a" container for a volatile fluid communicating with said'vessel and positioned exteriorly of said casing.

3. In combination-with a radiator casing provided :with means for controlling the flow of air therethrough, means for operatingsaid controlling means including athermostat comprising a motor element in said casing heatedby the radiator'and operatively connected to said controlling means and a container-for a volatile liquid positioned exteriorl of said casing and'communicating with sai motor element, saidlniotor elementcontaining the vaporof said liquid.

4. In combination with; a radiatorwcasing provided with means for controlling the flow of air therethrough, means foroperating said controlling means including a thermostat comprising an expansible and collapsible imotor element in said casing casing heated by theradiator and operatively connected to said controlling means and a container for a volatile liquid positioned exteriorly of said casing and communicating with said motor element, said container being partly filled with said volatile liquid and said motor element containing the vapor of saidliquid and communicating with the 'said controlling means includinga thermostatcomprisin avaporizing chamber contaming a relatlvelysmall quantity of volatlle liquid'positioned exteriorly of said casing and communicating with a motor element operatively connected to said controlling means, said motor element containing the vapor of said liquid and being in heatinterchanging relation with said radiator whereby it provides. a superheating chamber for the vapor of .said liquid.

1 7.111 combination with a radiator casing provided with means for controlling the flow of, air thci'ethrough, means for operating said controlling means including a thermostatcomprising il -container for a volatile liquid positioned exteriorly of said casing and a motor element operatively connected tosaid controlling means andcommunicating with said container, said motor'element being in heat-interchanging relation with the'radiator andisorelated to-said container as to contain onlythe vapor of said liquid.

8.=In"combination with aradiator casing provided with means for controlling the flow. of air theretln'ough, means for operating said controlling means including a thermostat comprising an exterior container having therein a volatile liquid and a motor element communicating with said container and positioned in heat-interchanging relation with the' radiator, said. motor element being operatively connected to said controllingmeans.

: 9. i combination with a radiator casing ow of air therethrough, means for operatrovid'ed" with means for controlling the 3 new/area provided with means for controlling the flow of air therethrough, means for operating said controlling means including a thermostat comprising a container having therein a relatively small volume;of volatile liquid and positioned-'exteriorly of said casing and a motor element communicating with said container and containing only the vapor of said liquid, said motor element being operatively connected to said controlling means and positioned in said casing Where it is subjected to the heat of the radiator whereby said vapor is maintained at a higher temperature than the liquid in said container.

11. In combination with a radiator casing provided with means for controlling the flow of air therethrough, means for operating said controlling means including a thermostat comprising an exterior. container having therein a volatile liquid and an interior motor element in communication with said container and containing only the vapor of said liquid, said motor element being operatively connected to said controlling means.

12. In combination with a radiator-casing provided with means for controlling the flow of air therethrough, means for operating said controlling means including a thermostat comprising ail-exterior container having therein a volatile liquid and an in- .terior motor element in communication with said container and containing the superheated vapor of said liquid, said motor elemerit being operatively connected to said controlling means,

- 13, In combination with a radiator casing provided with means for controlling the flow of air therethrough, means for opersting said controlling means including a thermostat comprising a vaporizing chamher outside ofvsaid'casing and containing a volatile liquid and a motor element inside of said casing and maintainedby the radii-- ator at a temperature above that at the out side of said casing, said motor element communicating with the vapor space in said va porizing chamber and being operatively connected to said controlling means.

1 .1. In combination. with a casing for a radiator and means for controlling the escape of heated air therefrom, means for operating said controlling means comprising a thermostat including a vaporizing chamber for a volatile: liquid positioned exteriorly of said casing where the vapor tension in said chamber is controlled by the temperature of the space to be heated, a motor element containing the vapor of said liquid and positioned interiorly of said casing where it is maintained by the radiator at a higher temperature than that of said chamher, a conduit whereby said motor element is in communication with said vaporizing chamber, and operative connections between said motor element and said controlling means.

15. In combination with a casing for a radiator and means for controlling the escape of heated air therefrom, means for opcrating said controlling means comprising a thermostat including a chamber containing a relatively small quantity of volatile liquid and a vapor space, said chamber being positioned exteriorly of said casing Where it is subjected to the temperature of the space to be heated, a tube communicating with said vapor space, a motor element communicating with said tube and positioned in said casing where it is heated by said radiator, and operative connections between said motor element and said controlling means. I

16. In combination with a casing for a radiator and means for. controlling the escape of heated air therefrom, means for operating said controlling means comprising a thermostat including a container for. a volatile liquid positioned exteriorly of said casing where it is subjected to the temperature of the'spaco to be heated, an expansible and collapsible motor element containing the suecification.

WESTON FULTUN. 

